PHP supports many kinds of operators:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Increment/Decrement Operators
- Logical Operators
- Concatenating Operators
Arithmetic Operators
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| + | Return the sum of two operands |
| – | Return the difference between two operands |
| * | Return the product of two operands |
| / | Return the quotient of two operands |
| % | Return the remainder of the division of the first operand by the second one |
Ex:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | <?php $x = 20; $y = 10; // add, subtract, and multiplication operators demo echo $x + $y . '<br/>'; // 30 echo $x - $y . '<br/>'; // 10 echo $x * $y . '<br/>'; // 200 // division operator demo $z = $x / $y; echo gettype($z) . '<br/>'; // integer $z = $y / $x; echo gettype($z) . '<br/>'; // double // modulus demo $y = 15; echo $x % $y . '<br/>'; // 5 |
Assignment Operators
| Operator | Syntax | Operation |
|---|---|---|
| = | $x = $y | Operand on the left obtains the value of the operand on the right |
| += | $x += $y | Simple Addition same as $x = $x + $y |
| -= | $x -= $y | Simple subtraction same as $x = $x – $y |
| *= | $x *= $y | Simple product same as $x = $x * $y |
| /= | $x /= $y | Simple division same as $x = $x / $y |
| %=< | $x %= $y | Simple division same as $x = $x % $y |
Comparison Operators
Comparison operators allow you to compare two operands.
A comparison operator returns a Boolean value, either true or false. If the comparison is truthful, the comparison operator returns true, otherwise, it returns false.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| == | Return true if both operands are equal, otherwise returns false. |
| === | Return true if both operands have the same data type and equal, otherwise return false. |
| !=== | Return true if both operands are not equal or not have the same data type, otherwise return false. |
| > | Return true if the operand on the left is greater thanthe operand on the right, otherwise return false. |
| >= | Return true if the operand on the left is greater than orequal to the operand on the right, otherwise return false. |
| < | Return true if the operand on the left is less than theoperand on the right, otherwise return false. |
| <= | Return true if the operand on the left is less than orequal to the operand on the right, otherwise return false. |
Logical Operators
Logical operators allow you to construct logical expressions. A logical operator returns a Boolean value.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| && | Return true if both operands are true, otherwisereturn false. If the first operand is false, it will not evaluate the second operand because it knows for sure that the result is going to be false. This is known as short-circuiting. |
| || | Return true if one of the operands is true,otherwise returns false. If the first operand istrue, it will not evaluate the second one. |
| xor | Return true if either operand, not both, is true, otherwise, return false. |
| ! | returns true if the operand is false, andreturns false if the operand is true. |
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators perform operations on the binary representation of the operands.
| Operators | Result |
|---|---|
| $x & $y | If both bits are 1, the corresponding bit in the result is 1; otherwise, the corresponding bit is 0 |
| $x | $y | If both bits are 0, the corresponding bit in the result is 0; otherwise, the corresponding bit is 1 |
| $x ^ $y | If either bit, but not both, in $x and$y are 1, the corresponding bit in the result is 1;otherwise, the corresponding bit is 0 |
| ~ $x | Change bit 1 to 0 and 0 to 1 in the $x operand |
| $x << $y | Shifts the bits in $x left by the number of places specified by$y. |
| $x >> $y | Shifts the bits in $x right by the number of placesspecified by $y. |
Incrementing/ Decrementing Operators
Increment (++) and decrement (–) operators give you a quick way to increase and decrease the value of a variable by 1.
| Example | Returned Value | Effect on $a |
|---|---|---|
++$a | $a + 1 | Increments $a by 1, then returns $a. |
$a++ | $a | Returns $a, then increments $a by 1. |
--$a | $a - 1 | Decrements $a by 1, then returns $a. |
$a-- | $a | Returns $a, then decrements $a by 1. |
Concatenating Operator
Concatenating operator (.) allows you to combine two strings into one. It appends the second string to the first one and returns the combined string.
Ex:
1 2 3 | <?php $str = 'PHP' . ' is ' . ' Awesome!'; echo $str; |
